Understanding Hypertension and High Blood Pressure: A Nigerian’s Guide

Hypertension, commonly known as high blood pressure, is a significant health concern in Nigeria. It is often called the “silent killer” because it can go unnoticed for years while causing severe damage to the heart, blood vessels, and other organs. This guide aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of hypertension, its causes, symptoms, and management.

What is Hypertension?

Hypertension is a condition where the force of the blood against the artery walls is consistently too high. Blood pressure is measured in millimeters of mercury (mmHg) and recorded with two numbers: systolic pressure (the pressure when the heart beats) over diastolic pressure (the pressure when the heart rests between beats). A normal blood pressure reading is usually around 120/80 mmHg.

Causes of Hypertension

Several factors contribute to the development of hypertension, including:

Genetics: Family history of hypertension increases the risk.
Diet: High salt intake, common in many Nigerian diets, can raise blood pressure.
Lifestyle: Lack of physical activity, excessive alcohol consumption, and smoking.
Stress: Chronic stress can contribute to high blood pressure.
Age: The risk increases with age.
Medical Conditions: Conditions like diabetes and kidney disease can lead to hypertension.

Symptoms of Hypertension

Hypertension is often asymptomatic, but some people may experience:

Headaches
Shortness of breath
Nosebleeds
Dizziness
Chest pain

These symptoms usually appear when blood pressure reaches dangerously high levels.

Diagnosis and Monitoring

Regular blood pressure checks are crucial for early detection and management. Blood pressure can be measured at home using a digital monitor or at a healthcare facility. It is essential to follow the guidelines for accurate measurement, such as sitting quietly for a few minutes before taking the reading.

Managing Hypertension

Managing hypertension involves lifestyle changes and, in some cases, medication. Here are some effective strategies:

Dietary Changes: Reduce salt intake, eat more fruits and vegetables, and avoid processed foods.
Regular Exercise: Engage in at least 30 minutes of moderate exercise most days of the week.
Weight Management: Maintain a healthy weight to reduce the strain on your heart.
Limit Alcohol and Quit Smoking: Both can significantly impact blood pressure.
Stress Management: Practice relaxation techniques such as meditation and deep breathing exercises.
Medication: If prescribed by a doctor, take antihypertensive medications as directed.

Hypertension in Nigeria

In Nigeria, hypertension is a growing public health issue. According to recent studies, the prevalence of hypertension among adults ranges from 20% to 40%¹. Factors such as urbanization, dietary changes, and increased stress levels contribute to this rise. Public health initiatives are essential to raise awareness and promote healthy lifestyles.

Conclusion

Hypertension is a manageable condition with the right lifestyle changes and medical care. Regular monitoring, a healthy diet, exercise, and stress management are key to controlling high blood pressure. By understanding and addressing the risk factors, Nigerians can lead healthier lives and reduce the burden of hypertension.